> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://newptone.gitbook.io/deployopenstackwithpuppet/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://newptone.gitbook.io/deployopenstackwithpuppet/preparation/huan-jing-zhun-bei.md).

# 准备开发测试环境

## 0.环境准备

在开始介绍PuppetOpenstack前，我们需要准备一台虚拟服务器用于接下来的练习。

读者可以通过使用虚拟化软件或者通过云平台创建一台虚拟机。

其规格如下：

* `2 vCPU`, `4G RAM`, `30G Disk`, 至少有一块`NIC`，操作系统为`CentOS 7.1/7.2`，可以访问Internet

在安装Puppet之前，需要为虚拟主机设置合适的主机名，域名，时间等。

```bash
$ hostnamectl set-hostname learnpom

$ echo "127.0.1.1 learnpom.example.in learnpom" >> /etc/hosts
```

## 1.了解Puppet

在安装Puppet前，首先需要了解Puppet的运行方式，当前Puppet支持两种运行方式：

* Server/Client模式，需要安装Puppet agent和Puppet server软件包
* Standalone模式，只需要安装Puppet agent软件包

在通常的开发场景下，笔者推荐使用Standalone模式，操作简单，定位问题容易； 在管理内部的测试/生产环境时，笔者建议须使用Server/Client模式，进行集中式管理。

本书中除个别场景外，默认以Standalone模式为主。

## 2.安装Puppet

Puppet由三个软件包构成：

* puppet-agent: 用于安装Puppet,Ruby,Facter,Hiera和依赖包的软件包
* puppetserver: 用于安装Puppet Server服务

> 注：本文所使用的Puppet版本是4.1x

打开虚拟机的终端，使用root权限在命令行下输入以下命令：

```bash
$ cat << EOF >> install_puppet.sh

# Script for installing puppet Based on CentOS 7.x

set -e

if [ -n "$DEBUG" ]; then
  set -x
fi

# set environment
export SCRIPT_DIR=$(cd `dirname $0` && pwd -P)
export PUPPET_VERSION=${PUPPET_VERSION:-4}
export MANAGE_PUPPET_MODULES=${MANAGE_PUPPET_MODULES:-true}
export MANAGE_REPOS=${MANAGE_REPOS:-true}
export PUPPET_ARGS=${PUPPET_ARGS:-}
export SCRIPT_DIR=$(cd `dirname $0` && pwd -P)
if [ $PUPPET_VERSION == 4 ]; then
  export PATH=${PATH}:/opt/puppetlabs/bin
  export PUPPET_RELEASE_FILE=puppetlabs-release-pc1
  export PUPPET_BASE_PATH=/etc/puppetlabs/code
  export PUPPET_PKG=puppet-agent
elif [ $PUPPET_MAJ_VERSION == 5 ]; then
  export PATH=${PATH}:/opt/puppetlabs/bin:/opt/puppetlabs/puppet/bin
  export PUPPET_RELEASE_FILE=puppet5-nightly-release
  export PUPPET_BASE_PATH=/etc/puppetlabs/code
  export PUPPET_PKG=${PUPPET_PKG:-puppet-agent}
fi
if [ $(id -u) != 0 ]; then
  # preserve environment so we can have ZUUL_* params
  SUDO='sudo -E'
fi

echo 'Setup (RedHat based)'
sudo yum -y remove facter puppet rdo-release
sudo yum -y install libxml2-devel libxslt-devel ruby-devel rubygems wget
sudo yum -y groupinstall "Development Tools"

echo 'Install Bundler'
mkdir -p .bundled_gems
export GEM_HOME=`pwd`/.bundled_gems
gem install bundler --no-rdoc --no-ri --verbose

echo 'Start install puppet'

if rpm --quiet -q $PUPPET_RELEASE_FILE; then
    $SUDO rpm -e $PUPPET_RELEASE_FILE
fi
# EPEL does not work fine with RDO, we need to make sure EPEL is really disabled
if rpm --quiet -q epel-release; then
    $SUDO rpm -e epel-release
fi
$SUDO rm -f /tmp/puppet.rpm

wget  http://yum.puppetlabs.com/${PUPPET_RELEASE_FILE}-el-7.noarch.rpm -O /tmp/puppet.rpm
$SUDO rpm -ivh /tmp/puppet.rpm
$SUDO yum install -y dstat ${PUPPET_PKG} setools setroubleshoot audit
$SUDO service auditd start

# SElinux in permissive mode so later we can catch alerts
$SUDO setenforce 0
EOF

$ sudo bash install_puppet.sh
```

## 3.安装PuppetServer

Puppetserver的手动安装和配置部署比较繁杂，但是Puppet的目标不就是实现软件安装部署的自动化吗？

因此，我们可以使用`puppet module`安装用于部署Puppet Server的module，然后完成Puppetserver的一键安装。

在终端下执行以下命令：

```
$ puppet module install theforeman-puppet

$ cat > install.pp <<EOF
class { '::puppet': server => true, server_foreman => false }
EOF

$ puppet apply install.pp -v
```